קָשָׁה (qa.shah) means “to harden” in the TBESH Hebrew lexicon from STEPBible.
Pronunciation guide: kaw-shaw' Strong’s Hebrew pronunciation spelling.
קָשָׁה · qa.shah · to harden
1) to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be hard, be difficult 1a2) to be hard, be severe 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be ill-treated 1b2) to be hard pressed 1c) (Piel) to have severe labour (of women) 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to make difficult, make difficulty 1d2) to make severe, make burdensome 1d3) to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn 1d3a) of obstinacy (fig) 1d4) to show stubbornness
STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0
a primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
KJV glosses: be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be ((ask a), be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en, (labour), -ly, thing), be sore, (be, make) stiff(-en, (-necked)).
Open Scriptures transcription · CC BY-SA
Counts below follow each translation’s tagged words. A rendering can cover a phrase. Differences in text editions and tagging can produce different totals.
| Rendering | Count |
|---|---|
| but they stiffened | 2 |
| put a heavy | 2 |
| they stiffened | 2 |
| a difficult thing | 1 |
| and stiff-necked | 1 |
| and stiffen | 1 |
| and they stiffened | 1 |
| as a hardship | 1 |
| but he who hardens | 1 |
| but zedekiah stiffened | 1 |
| dejected | 1 |
| harden | 1 |
| has resisted | 1 |
| her severe | 1 |
| is heavy | 1 |
| it is cruel | 1 |
| remains stiff-necked | 1 |
| spoke more fiercely | 1 |
| stiffen | 1 |
| stubborn | 1 |
| stubbornly refused | 1 |
| they have stiffened | 1 |
| too difficult | 1 |
| was difficult | 1 |
| will harden | 1 |
| Rendering | Count |
|---|---|
| and hardened | 2 |
| but hardened | 2 |
| grievous | 2 |
| a hard thing | 1 |
| against it because they have hardened | 1 |
| among them but hardened | 1 |
| and be no more stiffnecked | 1 |
| and i will harden | 1 |
| and it came to pass when she was in hard | 1 |
| and she had hard | 1 |
| but he stiffened | 1 |
| but he that hardeneth | 1 |
| for it was cruel | 1 |
| harden | 1 |
| hardened | 1 |
| hardeneth | 1 |
| is sore | 1 |
| it shall not seem hard | 1 |
| made | 1 |
| now be ye not stiffnecked | 1 |
| stiff | 1 |
| that is too hard | 1 |
| through it hardly bestead | 1 |
| were fiercer | 1 |
| who hath hardened | 1 |
| would hardly | 1 |
Page 1 of 1. 28 verses in the selected STEP text, printed below in BSB where available. Read each verse in its chapter to follow the author’s thought.
Later, they set out from Bethel, and while they were still some distance from Ephrath, Rachel began to give birth, and her labor was difficult.
Read word by wordDuring her severe labor, the midwife said to her, “Do not be afraid, for you are having another son.”
Read word by wordCursed be their anger, for it is strong, and their wrath, for it is cruel! I will disperse them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel.
Read word by wordBut I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,
Read word by wordAnd when Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the LORD killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of man and beast. This is why I sacrifice to the LORD the firstborn male of every womb, but I redeem all the firstborn of my sons.’
Read word by wordShow no partiality in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be intimidated by anyone, for judgment belongs to God. And bring to me any case too difficult for you, and I will hear it.”
Read word by wordBut Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.
Read word by wordCircumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more.
Read word by wordDo not regard it as a hardship to set your servant free, because his six years of service were worth twice the wages of a hired hand. And the LORD your God will bless you in all you do.
Read word by wordAnd when the men of Ashdod saw what was happening, they said, “The ark of the God of Israel must not stay here with us, because His hand is heavy upon us and upon our god Dagon.”
Read word by word“We have ten shares in the king,” answered the men of Israel, “so we have more claim to David than you. Why then do you despise us? Were we not the first to speak of restoring our king?” But the men of Judah spoke more fiercely than the men of Israel.
Read word by wordSource alternate reference: 19.44
“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”
Read word by word“You have requested a difficult thing,” said Elijah. “Nevertheless, if you see me as I am taken from you, it will be yours. But if not, then it will not be so.”
Read word by wordBut they would not listen, and they stiffened their necks like their fathers, who did not believe the LORD their God.
Read word by word“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”
Read word by wordNow do not stiffen your necks as your fathers did. Submit to the LORD and come to His sanctuary, which He has consecrated forever. Serve the LORD your God, so that His fierce anger will turn away from you.
Read word by wordHe also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.
Read word by wordBut they and our fathers became arrogant and stiff-necked and did not obey Your commandments.
Read word by wordThey refused to listen and failed to remember the wonders You performed among them. They stiffened their necks and appointed a leader to return them to their bondage in Egypt. But You are a forgiving God, gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and rich in loving devotion, and You did not forsake them.
Read word by wordYou admonished them to turn back to Your law, but they were arrogant and disobeyed Your commandments. They sinned against Your ordinances, by which a man will live if he practices them. They turned a stubborn shoulder; they stiffened their necks and would not obey.
Read word by wordGod is wise in heart and mighty in strength. Who has resisted Him and prospered?
Read word by worddo not harden your hearts as you did at Meribah, in the day at Massah in the wilderness,
Read word by wordBlessed is the man who is always reverent, but he who hardens his heart falls into trouble.
Read word by wordA man who remains stiff-necked after much reproof will suddenly be shattered beyond recovery.
Read word by wordThey will roam the land, dejected and hungry. When they are famished, they will become enraged; and looking upward, they will curse their king and their God.
Read word by wordYet they would not listen to Me or incline their ear, but they stiffened their necks and did more evil than their fathers.
Read word by wordYet they would not listen or incline their ear, but they stiffened their necks and would not listen or receive My discipline.
Read word by word“This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I am about to bring on this city and on all the villages around it every disaster I have pronounced against them, because they have stiffened their necks so as not to heed My words.’”
Read word by wordData created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge (CC BY 4.0). STEPBible data · License.
We convert source tables to JSON, expand grammar labels and count tagged words. Greek counts use the SBL edition in TAGNT. Hebrew counts use the main reading in TAHOT, including Qere readings and restored text. Source numbering follows NRSV; alternate references appear where supplied.
Berean Standard Bible translation tables, public domain, Berean Bible. CrossWire KJV 3.1 , public domain text with Bible Foundation and KJV2003 Project tags, licensed for any purpose. Dodson Greek Lexicon , CC0. Strong’s Hebrew dictionary , Open Scriptures transcription, CC BY-SA; converted Hebrew entries retain those terms. Greek pronunciation spellings come from Strong's Greek dictionary, XML edition 1.4 , public domain.
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